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Friends of Endoscopy is all about pattern recognition.  See it today and recognise it tomorrow!   Learn from a New Case on most weekdays !!! 
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A flat gastric polyp

15/6/2021

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Picture
This polyp found on the lesser gastric curve. 
WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
a) Hyperplastic polyp
HP polyps are usually subpedunculated and angry red
b) Intestinal metaplasia
IM is also 'pale' but not 'flat elevated'
c) Gastric adenoma
Would be my first guess!
d) Early invasive cancer
This is a plaque without a depression or dominant nodule to suggest invasive cancer
explanation
Of course, this could have been rather easy to miss!  An insignificant pale, plaque-like lesion but with distinct borders best seen after indigo carmine dye spray (as usual). Endoscopically this is what a gastric adenoma looks like and it was removed endoscopically. Somewhat surprisingly, histology reported a small spot of IMca and therefore its at actually an early cancer - not invasive though!   

Most invasive, gastric EGC's are of course shallow depressions as in the example below.   In fact the lesion below was invading into the middle of submucosa and was confirmed as poorly differentiated.  Afterwards the patient underwent a distal gastrectomy where no further cancer was found.  'Poor differentiation' is the least reliable and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is the most reliable predictor of nearby lymphnode micro-metastases. 
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