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Our short teaching videos are mini-learning opportunities for busy clinicians with a few minutes to spare!  The idea is to give you a quick reminder of issues, rather than a 30 minute in-depth review !  


Piecemeal removal of 'difficult polyp' in ascending

19/4/2021

 
This is a 'difficult polyp because it's almost impossible to get any closer than this.  It's arising from a fold in the ascending colon, just downstream to the caecum.   Keep an eye on that scopeguide image and you see why it's so difficult. 

Of course this makes it difficult to tell how far the polyp extends into the caecal sac.  Fortunately, I was able to get glimpses of just behind the lesion which told me that it didn't extend far beyond the fold.   Had this lesion extended into the 'valley' behind that fold from which its arising, it would have been a 'show stopper' to me. 

Another reason to 'attack' is that the lesion does look benign with a reassuring gyrate crypt pattern of a TVA.  Naturally, any polyp of this size will have a 15% risk of actually containing an unexpected focus of cancer within.  Because our therapeutic waiting list is in mess in the aftermath of Covid, I do encourage everyone to sample the sessile lesion even though you are planning to refer it for resection. Such sampling on the surface of large sessile lesions doesn't induce any fibrosis and provides 'some' (very limited of course) reassurance that the lesion isn't malignant.  

     The main teaching points in the video are: 
  • It looks like a benign, sessile TVA and this was subsequently confirmed. 
  • The scope stability is an issue and it's difficult to get close to the polyp
  • Only a few can cope with >45min procedure and consider GA if you expect the resection to take longer in the right hemicolon 
  • On the left side, both you and your patient can take a break every 30-40 minutes . 
  • As you work and keep insufflating the ascending colon, the caecum will be pushed further and further away from you - be sparing with the insufflation!
  • A local recurrence will happen at that 'blind edge' of your resection
  • The muscle propria has taken a hammering and you must absolutely place clips both to reduce the risk of a late perforation but also to reduce the risk of bleeding

Rectosigmoid LST-G: pEMR

7/2/2021

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A 60 year old woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension was found to be FIT+ve under the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. The index colonoscopy, performed by a colleague 2 weeks ago, showed 4 polyps in the sigmoid / rectosigmoid colon. The three smaller polyps (6-15mm diameter) were removed (tubular adenoma, low grade dysplasia). The largest polyp, a 5cm LST-G  on a fold at the rectosigmoid junction was left behind for another day. The LST-G was not biopsied. The patient now attends for a further procedure to remove the LST-G (see video…).


The video highlights several tips:
  1. Using a gastroscope to improve access in a tricky area of the bowel.
  2. Using retroflexion to get better views of a polyp draped over a fold.
  3. Using good volumes of lift solution to get a decent cushion.
  4. Using gravity to your advantage by rotating the patient.
  5. Extending the defect contiguously and systematically.
  6. Using Coagrasper to control bleeding.
  7. Using snare-tip Softcoag to treat the edges of the defect.
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Contralateral burn in a spastic sigmoid

4/2/2021

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Sigmoid snare polypectomy in spastic, tight sigmoid. Teaching points include:
  • Use a Gastroscope
  • Removal in retrovertion can be impossible
  • Consider buscopan for spasm
  • Allow 40-60 minutes
  • Full colon bowel cleansing
  • Keep snare away from mucosa
  • Recognise collateral burns and apply clips

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Snare polypectomy

3/2/2021

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Small polyp on thick stalk for snare polypectomy at the recto-sigmoid junction cocked up! 
Teaching points include:
  • Don't rush it! 
  • Bring polyp down to 6 O'clock or resect in retrovertion
  • Assess snare position before cutting 
  • Immediate bleeding is easy to deal with
  • Assess for complete excision
  • Consider clips 
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EMR of 20mm sigmoid polyp

2/2/2021

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EMR of a 20mm sigmoid polyp.  Main teaching points includes:
  • Use a gastroscope
  • Removal in retrovertion is easier
  • Give full colonic prep
  • Keep the resection area clean and dry
  • Anticipate bleeding before it happens
  • Deal with bleeding straight away
  • Place the first clip on the most awkward spot
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